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- ************************
- * TNF family signature *
- ************************
-
- The following cytokines can be grouped into a family on the basis of
- sequence, functional, and structural similarities [1,2,3]:
-
- - Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (also known as cachectin or TNF-alpha) [4,5]
- is a cytokine which has a wide variety of functions. It can cause cytolysis
- of certain tumor cell lines; it is involved in the induction of cachexia;
- it is a potent pyrogen, causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of
- interleukin-1 secretion; finally, it can stimulate cell proliferation
- and induce cell differentiation under certain conditions.
- - Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) and lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta), two related
- cytokines produced by lymphocytes and which are cytotoxic for a wide range
- of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo [6].
- - T cell antigen gp39 (CD40L), a cytokine which seems to be important in B-
- cell development and activation.
- - CD27L, a cytokine which plays a role in T-cell activation. It induces the
- proliferation of costimulated T cells and enhances the generation of
- cytolytic T cells.
- - CD30L, a cytokine which induces proliferation of T cells.
- - FASL, a cytokine involved in cell death [7].
- - 4-1BB-L, a inducible T cell surface molecule that contributes to T-cell
- stimulation.
-
- TNF-alpha is synthesized as a type II membrane protein which then undergoes
- post-translational cleavage liberating the extracellular domain. CD27L, CD30L,
- CD40L, FASL, LT-beta and 4-1BBL also appear to be type II membrane proteins.
- LT-alpha is a secreted protein. All these cytokines seem to form homotrimeric
- (or heterotrimeric in the case of LT-alpha/beta) complexes that are recognized
- by their specific receptors.
-
- As a signature for this family of proteins, we have selected the most
- conserved region. This region is located in a beta-strand in the central
- section of these proteins
-
- -Consensus pattern: L-x-[LIVM]-x(3)-G-[LIVM]-Y-[LIVMFY](2)-x(2)-[QEKL]-[LIVM]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Jongeneel C.V.
- vjongene@isrecmail.unil.ch
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Peitsch M.C., Jongeneel C.V.
- Int. Immunol. 5:233-238(1993).
- [ 2] Farrah T., Smith C.A.
- Nature 358:26-26(1992).
- [ 3] Banzan J.F.
- Curr. Biol. 3:603-606(1993).
- [ 4] Beutler B., Cerami A.
- Biochemistry 27:7575-7582(1988).
- [ 5] Vilcek J., Lee T.H.
- J. Biol. Chem. 266:7313-7316(1991).
- [ 6] Browning J.L., Ngam-Ek A., Lawton P., Demarinis J., Tizard R.,
- Chow E.P., Hession C., O'Brine-Greco B., Foley S.F., Ware C.F.
- Cell 72:847-856(1993).
- [ 7] Suda T., Takahashi T., Golstein P., Nagata S.
- Cell 75:1169-1178(1993).
-